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Primary Lymphoid Organs to Lymph Node Structural Diagram7Topics
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Introduction to Lymphatic Drainage to Lymph Node Palpability and Right Lymphatic Duct6Topics
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Spleen Structure Overview to Thymus-Related Conditions6Topics
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Components and Mechanism of Immunity to Understanding Immune Privilege4Topics
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MHC I and II: Introduction and Loci to DQ8, DR3, DR49Topics
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Functions of Natural Killer Cells to Major Functions of T Cells3Topics
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T Cell Development: Bone Marrow & Thymus to Regulatory T Cells and Autoimmunity6Topics
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T-cell Activation: Antigen Presentation to B-cell Activation: Co-stimulation, Class Switching, and Maturation4Topics
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Antibody Structure and Function to Antibody Diversity and Specificity4Topics
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Introduction to Immunoglobulin Isotypes to Thymus-Dependent Antigens7Topics
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Introduction to Complement System to Convergence and MAC Formation9Topics
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Early Complement Deficiencies to PNH: Hemolysis & Thrombosis4Topics
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Interleukin-1: Macrophage Secretion and Acute Response to IL-10 and IL-13: Immune Regulation and IgE Production7Topics
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Respiratory Burst Introduction to Interferons Clinical Use & Side Effects5Topics
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T Cell Surface Proteins to Examples of Passive and Active Immunity4Topics
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Live Attenuated Vaccines: Description to mRNA Vaccine8Topics
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Overview of Hypersensitivity Types to Type II: Cellular Dysfunction & Clinical Examples6Topics
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Type III Hypersensitivity: Mechanism & Examples to Type IV Hypersensitivity: Examples & Tests5Topics
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Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion Reactions to Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction5Topics
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Autoantibodies in Neuromuscular and Systemic Diseases to Autoantibodies in Metabolic, Hematologic, and Renal Disorders5Topics
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Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia to Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis7Topics
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) to Chronic Granulomatous Disease7Topics
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Intro to Immunodeficiency & T-Cell Bacterial Infections to Parasitic Infections & Key Deficiency Note5Topics
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Hyperacute Transplant Rejection to Histology of Transplant Rejection5Topics
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Immunosuppressants: Definition and Risks to Sirolimus & Basiliximab: Clinical Aspects5Topics
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Azathioprine to Immunotherapy: Interleukin-2 and Interferons6Topics
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TNF-α Inhibitors: Adalimumab & Infliximab to Omalizumab & Palivizumab: Allergic & Viral7Topics
Early Complement Deficiencies to PNH: Hemolysis & Thrombosis
Content August 26, 2025
Complement disorders
Complement protein deficiencies
Early complement deficiencies (C1-C4): Increased risk of severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections. C3b is used in clearance of antigen-antibody complexes, leading to an increased risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (think SLEarly).
Complement protein deficiencies
Terminal complement deficiencies (C5-C9): Increased susceptibility to recurrent Neisseria bacteremia.
Complement regulatory protein deficiencies
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency: Causes hereditary angioedema due to unregulated activation of kallikrein, leading to increased bradykinin. Characterized by decreased C4 levels. ACE inhibitors are contraindicated, as they also increase bradykinin.
Complement regulatory protein deficiencies
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: A defect in the PIGA gene prevents the formation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors for complement inhibitors, such as decay-accelerating factor (DAF/CD55) and membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL/CD59).
Complement regulatory protein deficiencies
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Causes complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis, leading to decreased haptoglobin and dark urine.
This condition can also cause atypical venous thrombosis, for example, Budd-Chiari syndrome, portal vein, cerebral, or dermal thrombosis.
Topics Covered:
- Early Complement Deficiencies
- Terminal Complement & C1 Esterase Deficiencies
- PNH: Genetic Defect
- PNH: Hemolysis & Thrombosis