-
Primary Lymphoid Organs to Lymph Node Structural Diagram7Topics
-
Introduction to Lymphatic Drainage to Lymph Node Palpability and Right Lymphatic Duct6Topics
-
Spleen Structure Overview to Thymus-Related Conditions6Topics
-
Components and Mechanism of Immunity to Understanding Immune Privilege4Topics
-
MHC I and II: Introduction and Loci to DQ8, DR3, DR49Topics
-
Functions of Natural Killer Cells to Major Functions of T Cells3Topics
-
T Cell Development: Bone Marrow & Thymus to Regulatory T Cells and Autoimmunity6Topics
-
T-cell Activation: Antigen Presentation to B-cell Activation: Co-stimulation, Class Switching, and Maturation4Topics
-
Antibody Structure and Function to Antibody Diversity and Specificity4Topics
-
Introduction to Immunoglobulin Isotypes to Thymus-Dependent Antigens7Topics
-
Introduction to Complement System to Convergence and MAC Formation9Topics
-
Early Complement Deficiencies to PNH: Hemolysis & Thrombosis4Topics
-
Interleukin-1: Macrophage Secretion and Acute Response to IL-10 and IL-13: Immune Regulation and IgE Production7Topics
-
Respiratory Burst Introduction to Interferons Clinical Use & Side Effects5Topics
-
T Cell Surface Proteins to Examples of Passive and Active Immunity4Topics
-
Live Attenuated Vaccines: Description to mRNA Vaccine8Topics
-
Overview of Hypersensitivity Types to Type II: Cellular Dysfunction & Clinical Examples6Topics
-
Type III Hypersensitivity: Mechanism & Examples to Type IV Hypersensitivity: Examples & Tests5Topics
-
Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion Reactions to Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction5Topics
-
Autoantibodies in Neuromuscular and Systemic Diseases to Autoantibodies in Metabolic, Hematologic, and Renal Disorders5Topics
-
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia to Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis7Topics
-
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) to Chronic Granulomatous Disease7Topics
-
Intro to Immunodeficiency & T-Cell Bacterial Infections to Parasitic Infections & Key Deficiency Note5Topics
-
Hyperacute Transplant Rejection to Histology of Transplant Rejection5Topics
-
Immunosuppressants: Definition and Risks to Sirolimus & Basiliximab: Clinical Aspects5Topics
-
Azathioprine to Immunotherapy: Interleukin-2 and Interferons6Topics
-
TNF-α Inhibitors: Adalimumab & Infliximab to Omalizumab & Palivizumab: Allergic & Viral7Topics
Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion Reactions to Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Content August 26, 2025
Immunologic blood transfusion reactions
| TYPE | PATHOGENESIS | TIMING | CLINICAL PRESENTATION | DONOR BLOOD | HOST BLOOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allergic/anaphylactic reaction | Type I hypersensitivity reaction against plasma proteins in transfused blood. IgA-deficient individuals should receive blood products without IgA. | Within minutes to 2-3 hr (due to release of preformed inflammatory mediators in degranulating mast cells) | Allergies: urticaria, pruritus. Anaphylaxis: wheezing, hypotension, respiratory arrest, shock |
| TYPE | PATHOGENESIS | TIMING | CLINICAL PRESENTATION | DONOR BLOOD | HOST BLOOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction | Type II hypersensitivity reaction. Typically causes intravascular hemolysis (ABO blood group incompatibility) | During transfusion or within 24 hr (due to preformed antibodies) | Fever, hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia, flank pain, hemoglobinuria (intravascular), jaundice (extravascular) |
| TYPE | PATHOGENESIS | TIMING | CLINICAL PRESENTATION | DONOR BLOOD | HOST BLOOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction | Cytokines created by donor WBCs accumulate during storage of blood products. Reactions prevented by leukoreduction of blood products. | Within 1-6 hr (due to preformed cytokines) | Fever, headaches, chills, flushing. More common in children. |
| TYPE | PATHOGENESIS | TIMING | CLINICAL PRESENTATION | DONOR BLOOD | HOST BLOOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfusion-related acute lung injury | Two-hit mechanism: Neutrophils are sequestered and primed in pulmonary vasculature due to recipient risk factors. Neutrophils are activated by a product (eg, antileukocyte antibodies) in the transfused blood and release inflammatory mediators → capillary permeability → pulmonary edema | Within minutes to 6 hr | Respiratory distress, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema |
| TYPE | PATHOGENESIS | TIMING | CLINICAL PRESENTATION | DONOR BLOOD | HOST BLOOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction | Anamnestic response to a foreign antigen on donor RBCs (Rh [D] or other minor blood group antigens) previously encountered by recipient. Typically causes extravascular hemolysis. | Onset over 24 hr. Usually presents within 1-2 wk (due to slow destruction by reticuloendothelial system) | Generally self limited and clinically silent. Mild fever, hyperbilirubinemia. |
Topics Covered:
- Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion Reactions
- Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
- Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reaction
- Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
- Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Lesson Content
0% Complete
0/5 Steps