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Primary Lymphoid Organs to Lymph Node Structural Diagram7Topics
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Introduction to Lymphatic Drainage to Lymph Node Palpability and Right Lymphatic Duct6Topics
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Spleen Structure Overview to Thymus-Related Conditions6Topics
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Components and Mechanism of Immunity to Understanding Immune Privilege4Topics
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MHC I and II: Introduction and Loci to DQ8, DR3, DR49Topics
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Functions of Natural Killer Cells to Major Functions of T Cells3Topics
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T Cell Development: Bone Marrow & Thymus to Regulatory T Cells and Autoimmunity6Topics
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T-cell Activation: Antigen Presentation to B-cell Activation: Co-stimulation, Class Switching, and Maturation4Topics
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Antibody Structure and Function to Antibody Diversity and Specificity4Topics
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Introduction to Immunoglobulin Isotypes to Thymus-Dependent Antigens7Topics
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Introduction to Complement System to Convergence and MAC Formation9Topics
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Early Complement Deficiencies to PNH: Hemolysis & Thrombosis4Topics
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Interleukin-1: Macrophage Secretion and Acute Response to IL-10 and IL-13: Immune Regulation and IgE Production7Topics
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Respiratory Burst Introduction to Interferons Clinical Use & Side Effects5Topics
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T Cell Surface Proteins to Examples of Passive and Active Immunity4Topics
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Live Attenuated Vaccines: Description to mRNA Vaccine8Topics
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Overview of Hypersensitivity Types to Type II: Cellular Dysfunction & Clinical Examples6Topics
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Type III Hypersensitivity: Mechanism & Examples to Type IV Hypersensitivity: Examples & Tests5Topics
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Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion Reactions to Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction5Topics
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Autoantibodies in Neuromuscular and Systemic Diseases to Autoantibodies in Metabolic, Hematologic, and Renal Disorders5Topics
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Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia to Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis7Topics
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) to Chronic Granulomatous Disease7Topics
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Intro to Immunodeficiency & T-Cell Bacterial Infections to Parasitic Infections & Key Deficiency Note5Topics
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Hyperacute Transplant Rejection to Histology of Transplant Rejection5Topics
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Immunosuppressants: Definition and Risks to Sirolimus & Basiliximab: Clinical Aspects5Topics
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Azathioprine to Immunotherapy: Interleukin-2 and Interferons6Topics
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TNF-α Inhibitors: Adalimumab & Infliximab to Omalizumab & Palivizumab: Allergic & Viral7Topics
T Cell Surface Proteins to Examples of Passive and Active Immunity
Content August 26, 2025
Cell surface proteins
| Cell type | Proteins |
|---|---|
| T cells | TCR (binds antigen-MHC complex), CD3 (associated with TCR for signal transduction), CD28 (binds B7 on APC) |
| Helper T cells | CD4, CD40L, CXCR4/CCR5 (coreceptors for HIV) |
| Cytotoxic T cells | CD8 |
| Regulatory T cells | CD4, CD25 |
| Cell type | Proteins |
|---|---|
| B cells | Ig (binds antigen), CD19, CD20, CD21 (receptor for Epstein-Barr virus), CD40, MHC II, B7 (CD80/86) |
| NK cells | CD16 (binds Fc of IgG), CD56 (suggestive marker for NK cells) |
| Macrophages | CD14 (receptor for PAMPs [eg, LPS]), CD40, CCR5, MHC II, B7, Fc and C3b receptors (enhanced phagocytosis) |
| Hematopoietic stem cells | CD34 |
Anergy
State during which a cell cannot become activated by exposure to its antigen. T and B cells become anergic when exposed to their antigen without costimulatory signal (signal 2). Another mechanism of self-tolerance.
Passive vs active immunity
| Passive | Active | |
|---|---|---|
| MEANS OF ACQUISITION | Receiving preformed antibodies | Exposure to exogenous antigens |
| ONSET | Rapid | Slow |
| DURATION | Short span of antibodies (half-life = 3 weeks) | Long-lasting protection (memory) |
| Passive | Active | |
|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLES | IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody | Natural infection, vaccines, toxoid |
| NOTES | After exposure to tetanus toxin, HBV, varicella, rabies virus, botulinum toxin, or diphtheria toxin, unvaccinated patients are given preformed antibodies (passive)—”to Heal very rapidly before dying” | Combined passive and active immunizations can be given for hepatitis B or rabies exposure |
Topics Covered:
- T Cell Surface Proteins
- B Cells, NK Cells, Macrophages, and Stem Cells
- Anergy and Immunity Acquisition
- Examples of Passive and Active Immunity
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