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Primary Lymphoid Organs to Lymph Node Structural Diagram7Topics
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Introduction to Lymphatic Drainage to Lymph Node Palpability and Right Lymphatic Duct6Topics
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Spleen Structure Overview to Thymus-Related Conditions6Topics
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Components and Mechanism of Immunity to Understanding Immune Privilege4Topics
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MHC I and II: Introduction and Loci to DQ8, DR3, DR49Topics
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Functions of Natural Killer Cells to Major Functions of T Cells3Topics
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T Cell Development: Bone Marrow & Thymus to Regulatory T Cells and Autoimmunity6Topics
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T-cell Activation: Antigen Presentation to B-cell Activation: Co-stimulation, Class Switching, and Maturation4Topics
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Antibody Structure and Function to Antibody Diversity and Specificity4Topics
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Introduction to Immunoglobulin Isotypes to Thymus-Dependent Antigens7Topics
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Introduction to Complement System to Convergence and MAC Formation9Topics
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Early Complement Deficiencies to PNH: Hemolysis & Thrombosis4Topics
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Interleukin-1: Macrophage Secretion and Acute Response to IL-10 and IL-13: Immune Regulation and IgE Production7Topics
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Respiratory Burst Introduction to Interferons Clinical Use & Side Effects5Topics
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T Cell Surface Proteins to Examples of Passive and Active Immunity4Topics
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Live Attenuated Vaccines: Description to mRNA Vaccine8Topics
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Overview of Hypersensitivity Types to Type II: Cellular Dysfunction & Clinical Examples6Topics
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Type III Hypersensitivity: Mechanism & Examples to Type IV Hypersensitivity: Examples & Tests5Topics
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Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion Reactions to Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction5Topics
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Autoantibodies in Neuromuscular and Systemic Diseases to Autoantibodies in Metabolic, Hematologic, and Renal Disorders5Topics
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Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia to Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis7Topics
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) to Chronic Granulomatous Disease7Topics
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Intro to Immunodeficiency & T-Cell Bacterial Infections to Parasitic Infections & Key Deficiency Note5Topics
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Hyperacute Transplant Rejection to Histology of Transplant Rejection5Topics
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Immunosuppressants: Definition and Risks to Sirolimus & Basiliximab: Clinical Aspects5Topics
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Azathioprine to Immunotherapy: Interleukin-2 and Interferons6Topics
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TNF-α Inhibitors: Adalimumab & Infliximab to Omalizumab & Palivizumab: Allergic & Viral7Topics
TNF-α Inhibitors: Adalimumab & Infliximab to Omalizumab & Palivizumab: Allergic & Viral
Content August 26, 2025
Therapeutic antibodies
Autoimmune disease therapy
| AGENT | TARGET | CLINICAL USE | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adalimumab, infliximab | Soluble TNF-α | IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis | Pretreatment screening (CMV, EBV, HBV, HCV, TB, VZV) due to risk of reactivation. |
| Eculizumab | Complement protein C5 | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | Associated with ↑ risk of meningococcal infection |
| Guselkumab | IL-23 | Psoriasis | |
| Ixekizumab, secukinumab | IL-17A | Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis |
| Natalizumab | α4-integrin | Multiple sclerosis, Crohn disease | α4-integrin: WBC adhesion. Risk of PML in patients with JC virus. |
| Ustekinumab | IL-12/IL-23 | Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis | |
| Vedolizumab | α4-integrin | IBD | Gut-specific anti-integrin, preventing migration of leukocytes to the gastrointestinal tract |
Other applications
| Denosumab | RANKL | Osteoporosis; inhibits osteoclast maturation (mimics osteoprotegerin) | Denosumab helps make dense bones |
| Emicizumab | Factor IXa and X | Hemophilia A | Bispecific; mimics factor VIII |
| Omalizumab | IgE | Refractory allergic asthma, prevents IgE binding to FcεRI | |
| Palivizumab | RSV F protein | RSV prophylaxis for high-risk infants | Palivizumab—virus |
Topics Covered:
- TNF-α Inhibitors: Adalimumab & Infliximab
- Eculizumab: Complement Inhibitor
- IL-23 and IL-17A Inhibitors
- Natalizumab: α4-integrin Blocker
- Ustekinumab & Vedolizumab
- Denosumab & Emicizumab: Other Uses
- Omalizumab & Palivizumab: Allergic & Viral
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