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USMLE - Chapter 2 - Immunology
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Primary Lymphoid Organs to Lymph Node Structural Diagram7Topics
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Introduction to Lymphatic Drainage to Lymph Node Palpability and Right Lymphatic Duct6Topics
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Spleen Structure Overview to Thymus-Related Conditions6Topics
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Components and Mechanism of Immunity to Understanding Immune Privilege4Topics
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MHC I and II: Introduction and Loci to DQ8, DR3, DR49Topics
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Functions of Natural Killer Cells to Major Functions of T Cells3Topics
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T Cell Development: Bone Marrow & Thymus to Regulatory T Cells and Autoimmunity6Topics
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T-cell Activation: Antigen Presentation to B-cell Activation: Co-stimulation, Class Switching, and Maturation4Topics
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Antibody Structure and Function to Antibody Diversity and Specificity4Topics
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Introduction to Immunoglobulin Isotypes to Thymus-Dependent Antigens7Topics
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Introduction to Complement System to Convergence and MAC Formation9Topics
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Introduction to Complement System
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Complement Activation Pathways
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Functions of Complement Components (Part 1)
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Functions of Complement Components (Part 2) & Inhibitors
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Overview of Complement Pathways Diagram
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Detail of Classic Pathway
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Detail of Lectin Pathway
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Detail of Alternative Pathway
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Convergence and MAC Formation
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Introduction to Complement System
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Early Complement Deficiencies to PNH: Hemolysis & Thrombosis4Topics
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Interleukin-1: Macrophage Secretion and Acute Response to IL-10 and IL-13: Immune Regulation and IgE Production7Topics
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Interleukin-1: Macrophage Secretion and Acute Response
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IL-6 and TNF-alpha: Inflammation and Systemic Effects
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IL-8 and IL-12: Neutrophil Recruitment and Th1 Differentiation
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IL-2 and IL-3: T Cell Growth and Bone Marrow Support
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Interferon-gamma: Th1 Response and Macrophage Activation
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IL-4 and IL-5: Th2 Response and Antibody Production
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IL-10 and IL-13: Immune Regulation and IgE Production
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Interleukin-1: Macrophage Secretion and Acute Response
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Respiratory Burst Introduction to Interferons Clinical Use & Side Effects5Topics
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T Cell Surface Proteins to Examples of Passive and Active Immunity4Topics
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Live Attenuated Vaccines: Description to mRNA Vaccine8Topics
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Live Attenuated Vaccines: Description
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Live Attenuated Vaccines: Pros, Cons, Examples
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Killed/Inactivated Vaccines: Description & Pros/Cons
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Killed/Inactivated Vaccines: Examples
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Subunit, Recombinant, Polysaccharide, Conjugate Vaccines: Description & Pros/Cons
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Subunit, Recombinant, Polysaccharide, Conjugate Vaccines: Examples
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Toxoid Vaccine
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mRNA Vaccine
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Live Attenuated Vaccines: Description
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Overview of Hypersensitivity Types to Type II: Cellular Dysfunction & Clinical Examples6Topics
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Type III Hypersensitivity: Mechanism & Examples to Type IV Hypersensitivity: Examples & Tests5Topics
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Allergic and Anaphylactic Transfusion Reactions to Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction5Topics
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Autoantibodies in Neuromuscular and Systemic Diseases to Autoantibodies in Metabolic, Hematologic, and Renal Disorders5Topics
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Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia to Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis7Topics
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) to Chronic Granulomatous Disease7Topics
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Intro to Immunodeficiency & T-Cell Bacterial Infections to Parasitic Infections & Key Deficiency Note5Topics
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Hyperacute Transplant Rejection to Histology of Transplant Rejection5Topics
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Immunosuppressants: Definition and Risks to Sirolimus & Basiliximab: Clinical Aspects5Topics
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Azathioprine to Immunotherapy: Interleukin-2 and Interferons6Topics
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TNF-α Inhibitors: Adalimumab & Infliximab to Omalizumab & Palivizumab: Allergic & Viral7Topics
Lesson Progress
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| TYPE | PATHOGENESIS | TIMING | CLINICAL PRESENTATION | DONOR BLOOD | HOST BLOOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction | Type II hypersensitivity reaction. Typically causes intravascular hemolysis (ABO blood group incompatibility) | During transfusion or within 24 hr (due to preformed antibodies) | Fever, hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia, flank pain, hemoglobinuria (intravascular), jaundice (extravascular) |
Quiz
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1. What is the primary cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions?
ABO blood group incompatibility
Accumulation of donor WBC cytokines
Type I hypersensitivity to plasma proteins
Anamnestic response to minor blood group antigens
Accumulation of donor WBC cytokines
Type I hypersensitivity to plasma proteins
Anamnestic response to minor blood group antigens